Top 10 Biggest Cities in Thailand by Population
Thailand, known for its vibrant culture, stunning landscapes, and rich history, is one of Southeast Asia’s most visited and fastest-growing nations. With an economy driven by industries ranging from tourism to manufacturing, the country is home to dynamic urban centers that have seen rapid population growth and modernization. Thailand’s largest cities are not only bustling economic hubs but also cultural landmarks that attract millions of visitors every year. These cities each play a vital role in the nation’s social, cultural, and economic landscapes, with a unique mix of ancient traditions and modern infrastructure. From the vibrant streets of Bangkok to the historical allure of Chiang Mai, these urban centers showcase the essence of Thailand’s rich heritage and forward-looking spirit.
Here are the top 10 cities in Thailand by population.
1. Bangkok
Overview
Bangkok, the capital and largest city of Thailand, is home to over 10 million residents. As the country’s political, economic, and cultural heart, Bangkok is a metropolis that combines modern skyscrapers, historical temples, and vibrant street life. Located along the Chao Phraya River, Bangkok serves as a central hub for trade, tourism, and industry.
Historical Significance
Founded in 1782 by King Rama I as the capital of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, Bangkok’s historical significance is evident in landmarks like the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew. The city has grown rapidly over the past century, transforming from a small trading post into one of Asia’s most important cities.
Economic Powerhouse
Bangkok is Thailand’s economic engine, hosting major financial institutions, corporations, and international businesses. The city’s economy is diversified, with thriving sectors in tourism, real estate, retail, and technology. Its infrastructure, including Suvarnabhumi Airport and an extensive metro system, supports its role as a global city.
2. Nonthaburi
Overview
Nonthaburi, located just north of Bangkok, is the second-largest city in Thailand with a population of over 250,000. Often considered a suburb of Bangkok, Nonthaburi has its own unique character, offering a mix of residential neighborhoods, commercial areas, and scenic riverside attractions.
Urban Expansion
As Bangkok expanded, Nonthaburi became a popular residential area for those working in the capital. Its proximity to Bangkok has facilitated growth in housing, schools, and shopping centers, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in Thailand.
Economy and Lifestyle
Nonthaburi’s economy is driven by retail, real estate, and small-scale industries. The city is home to the famous Koh Kret Island, a popular cultural site where visitors can explore local pottery, handicrafts, and traditional Thai cuisine. This cultural heritage contributes to Nonthaburi’s unique charm and identity.
3. Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat)
Overview
Nakhon Ratchasima, commonly known as Korat, is located in northeastern Thailand and has a population of about 220,000. As one of Thailand’s oldest cities, it serves as the gateway to the Isan region, blending history, commerce, and agriculture.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Founded over 400 years ago, Korat has a rich historical and cultural heritage, with landmarks such as the Thao Suranari Monument and Phimai Historical Park. The city is an important cultural center in Isan, showcasing the region’s unique language, music, and traditions.
Economic Contributions
Korat’s economy is primarily based on agriculture, but it also has a growing manufacturing sector. The city is a major producer of rice and other crops and has several industrial estates that manufacture goods ranging from textiles to electronics, playing a significant role in the national economy.
4. Chiang Mai
Overview
Chiang Mai, with a population of about 200,000, is the largest city in northern Thailand and a major cultural center. Nestled among mountains, Chiang Mai is known for its historic temples, natural beauty, and slower pace of life, making it a favorite destination for both residents and tourists.
Historical Importance
Founded in 1296, Chiang Mai was once the capital of the ancient Lanna Kingdom. Its old city area is filled with historical sites, such as Wat Phra Singh and Wat Chedi Luang, which showcase traditional Lanna architecture. This cultural richness makes Chiang Mai an important historical site in Thailand.
Tourism and Education
Tourism is a major economic driver in Chiang Mai, with attractions such as Doi Suthep, night markets, and trekking routes. The city is also an educational hub, with several universities and research institutions. This combination of tourism and education has helped Chiang Mai become a center for knowledge, arts, and eco-tourism.
5. Hat Yai
Overview
Hat Yai, with a population of around 160,000, is the largest city in southern Thailand and a significant commercial and transportation hub. Located near the border with Malaysia, Hat Yai is a bustling city with a strong influence from Thai, Malay, and Chinese cultures.
Strategic Location
Due to its proximity to Malaysia, Hat Yai is a key trading post and transit point, attracting visitors and businesses from both countries. The city has a vibrant commercial sector, with popular markets, malls, and entertainment venues that cater to both Thai and Malaysian visitors.
Economic and Cultural Diversity
Hat Yai’s economy is driven by trade, retail, and tourism. It is known for its shopping centers, night markets, and cultural festivals. The city’s multi-ethnic population contributes to its diverse cultural landscape, with a blend of Thai, Malay, and Chinese traditions evident in its cuisine, festivals, and architecture.
6. Udon Thani
Overview
Udon Thani, with a population of around 150,000, is a significant city in northeastern Thailand. Known as a center for commerce and trade in the Isan region, Udon Thani has a growing economy and a vibrant cultural scene.
Historical Background
Udon Thani became an important city during the Vietnam War, when a U.S. airbase was established here. This period brought economic growth and development, which has continued as Udon Thani has evolved into a thriving urban center in the northeast.
Economy and Lifestyle
Today, Udon Thani’s economy is based on trade, agriculture, and manufacturing. The city has become a popular destination for expatriates, attracted by its lower cost of living, friendly locals, and proximity to Laos. Udon Thani’s cultural landmarks, such as the Ban Chiang archaeological site, add to its appeal as a regional center.
7. Pak Kret
Overview
Pak Kret, a city with a population of approximately 140,000, is located in the Nonthaburi Province near Bangkok. Known for its suburban feel and proximity to the Chao Phraya River, Pak Kret is a popular residential area for people working in Bangkok.
Residential Growth
Pak Kret’s growth has been closely tied to Bangkok’s expansion, making it a favored area for families and professionals seeking a quieter lifestyle close to the capital. It is also known for its floating markets, temples, and access to Bangkok’s transit system.
Economy and Attractions
The city’s economy revolves around real estate, retail, and local markets. Koh Kret, an island within Pak Kret, is famous for its traditional pottery and is a popular cultural attraction. Pak Kret’s floating markets and cultural sites attract visitors and provide economic benefits to the local community.
8. Surat Thani
Overview
Surat Thani, with a population of around 130,000, is a city in southern Thailand and a gateway to popular islands such as Koh Samui and Koh Phangan. Known for its riverside setting and relaxed atmosphere, Surat Thani is an important regional center.
Gateway to the Islands
Surat Thani serves as a key transit hub for tourists traveling to nearby islands. Its role as a transportation hub has contributed to its growth, with infrastructure such as ferry terminals and bus stations catering to travelers.
Economy and Local Life
The economy of Surat Thani is supported by agriculture, fishing, and tourism. The surrounding area is known for producing coconuts and rubber, which are exported across the country. Surat Thani’s laid-back lifestyle and natural beauty make it a charming city for both residents and visitors.
9. Khon Kaen
Overview
Khon Kaen, with a population of around 120,000, is an important city in northeastern Thailand and a center for education, commerce, and health services. Known for its role in developing the Isan region, Khon Kaen is home to numerous universities and hospitals.
Educational and Economic Hub
As one of the main educational centers in Isan, Khon Kaen is home to Khon Kaen University, which attracts students from across the region. The city’s economy is driven by education, healthcare, and commerce, contributing to its status as a major urban center.
Cultural and Modern Appeal
Khon Kaen has a mix of traditional and modern attractions, including the Phra That Kham Kaen, a revered Buddhist stupa, and a lively night market. The city’s growing infrastructure and cultural offerings make it a central location for residents in northeastern Thailand.
10. Chiang Rai
Overview
Chiang Rai, with a population of around 70,000, is located in northern Thailand near the borders of Laos and Myanmar. Known for its stunning mountainous landscapes and unique cultural sites, Chiang Rai is a city that celebrates both traditional Lanna culture and modern art.
Cultural Significance
Founded in 1262 by King Mangrai, Chiang Rai was once the capital of the Lanna Kingdom. The city is famous for the Wat Rong Khun (White Temple) and Wat Rong Suea Ten (Blue Temple), modern artistic interpretations of traditional Buddhist temples that attract both domestic and international tourists.
Economy and Tourism
Tourism is a significant part of Chiang Rai’s economy, with the city serving as a gateway to the Golden Triangle region. Additionally, agriculture and handicrafts contribute to the local economy. Chiang Rai’s blend of historical and artistic attractions make it a city of both traditional beauty and contemporary creativity.
